什么是系统工程?
According to the International Standard on Systems Lifecycle Processes, systems engineering is an interdisciplinary approach governing the total technical and managerial effort required to transform a set of stakeholder 需要, expectations, and constraints into a solution and to support that solution throughout its life. (ISO / IEC / IEEE 15288:2015)
INCOSE is the International Council on System Engineering, and is the largest professional society dedicated to 系统工程. They define systems engineering as an interdisciplinary approach and means to enable the realization of successful systems. 它关注的是 defining customer 需要 and required functionality early in the development cycle, documenting requirements, and then proceeding with design synthesis and system validation while considering the complete problem:
- 操作
- 表演
- 测试
- 制造业
- 成本 & 时间表
- 培训 & 支持
- 处理
系统工程 integrates all the disciplines and specialty groups into a team effort forming a structured development process that proceeds from concept to production 来操作. 系统工程 considers both the business and the technical 需要 of all customers with the goal of providing a quality product that meets the user 需要. (INCOSE 2012)
Many represent the systems engineering process in terms of a “Vee”. 项目定义 is represented down the left side of the Vee, and integration and test are shown on Vee的右边. The value of representing the practice as a Vee is that the tasks performed on the right side trace directly to the tasks on the left side. The left side is where the project is defined, and the right side tasks represent the tasks which ensure the requirements and designs were properly satisfied.
Proficiency Areas for Systems Engineers
There has been an ongoing study, funded by the US Government[1], to identify what makes a good systems engineer. In their interim report, they identified the following 7 attributes of systems engineers
- 自我意识
- Ambition and Internal motivation
- 爱打听别人隐私
- 终身学习
- Confidence, Persistence, and Focus
- 专业与尊重
- 创造力
That study also identifies the following roles played by systems engineers as represented 在下面的图表中.
[1] Atlas: The Theory of Effective Systems Engineers, Version 0.5, Technical Report SERC-2015-TR-108, 系统工程 研究 Center
